[2026] Use Valid New 010-160 Questions - Top choice Help You Gain Success
010-160 Exam Practice Materials Collection
Lpi 010-160 exam is an important certification exam for individuals who want to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of Linux essentials. 010-160 exam is designed to assess the candidate's ability to perform basic tasks on the Linux operating system, including using common Linux utilities and commands, managing files and directories, and understanding permissions and ownership. By passing 010-160 exam, candidates can prove to potential employers that they have the necessary skills to work with Linux, which is an important skill in many industries.
NEW QUESTION # 40
Running the commandrm Downloadsleads to the following error:
rm: cannot remove 'Downloads/': Is a directory
Which of the following commands can be used instead toremoveDownloads, assumingDownloadsis empty? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. rmdir Downloads
- B. rem Downloads
- C. undir Downloads
- D. dir -r Downloads
- E. rm -r Downloads
Answer: A,E
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which of the following commands extracts the contents of the compressed archive file1.tar.gz?
- A. detar file1.tar.gz
- B. tar -czf file1.tar.gz
- C. tar -xzf file1.tar.gz
- D. tar --extract file1.tar.gz
- E. ztar file1.tar.gz
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 42
What is true about links in a Linux file system?
- A. A hard link can only point to a directory and never to a file.
- B. A symbolic link can point to a file on another file system.
- C. When the target of the symbolic link is moved, the link is automatically updated.
- D. Only the root user can create hard links.
- E. A symbolic link can only point to a file and not to a directory.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 43
Which of the following directories must be mounted with read and write access if it resides on its own dedicated file system?
- A. /usr
- B. /etc
- C. /opt
- D. /lib
- E. /var
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
The /var directory must be mounted with read and write access if it resides on its own dedicated file system. The reason is that the /var directory contains files and directories that are expected to change in size and content as the normal operation of the system progresses, such as logs, spool files, and temporary files1.
Therefore, the /var directory needs to have enough space and permission to accommodate these changes. If the
/var directory is mounted as read-only, some system services and applications may fail to start or function properly2.
The other options are not directories that must be mounted with read and write access if they reside on their own dedicated file system. The /opt directory contains optional or third-party software packages that are not part of the default installation1. The /lib directory contains libraries and kernel modules that are essential for the binaries in /bin and /sbin directories1. The /etc directory contains configuration files for the system and applications1. The /usr directory contains user-related programs, libraries, documentation, and data1. These directories are usually mounted as read-only to prevent accidental or malicious modification of their contents3. References:
* Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 102.1, Weight 3
* Linux Essentials Certification Guide, Chapter 2, Page 34-35
* Linux Filesystem Hierarchy, Chapter 3, Page 17-18
NEW QUESTION # 44
Reverse DNS assigns hostnames to IP addresses. How is the name of the IP address 198.51.100.165 stored on a DNS server?
- A. In the RNAME record for 198-51-100-165.rev.arpA.
- B. In the ARPA record for 165.100.51.198.rev.
- C. In the PTR record for 165.100.51.198.in-addr.arpA.
- D. In the REV record for arpA.in-addr.198.51.100.165.
- E. In the A record for 165.100.51.198.ipv4.arpA.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Reverse DNS lookups query DNS servers for a PTR (pointer) record; if the server does not have a PTR record, it cannot resolve a reverse lookup. PTR records store IP addresses with their segments reversed, and they append ".in-addr.arpa" to that. For example, if a domain has an IP address of 192.0.2.1, the PTR record will store the domain's information under 1.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa. In IPv6, the latest version of the Internet Protocol, PTR records are stored within the ".ip6.arpa" domain instead of ".in-addr.arpa."1 Therefore, the name of the IP address 198.51.100.165 is stored in the PTR record for 165.100.51.198.in-addr.arpa. Reference: 1: Reverse DNS lookup - Wikipedia 1
NEW QUESTION # 45
A new server needs to be installed to host services for a period of several years. Throughout this time, the server should receive important security updates from its Linux distribution.
Which of the following Linux distributions meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
- A. Ubuntu Linux LTS
- B. Ubuntu Linux non-LTS
- C. Red Hat Enterprise Linux
- D. Fedora Linux
- E. Debian GNU/Linux Unstable
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Explanation
Ubuntu Linux LTS and Red Hat Enterprise Linux are two Linux distributions that meet the requirements of hosting services for a period of several years and receiving important security updates from their Linux distribution. LTS stands for Long Term Support, which means that these versions of Ubuntu Linux are supported by Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, for five years with security patches, bug fixes, and software updates1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a commercial Linux distribution that offers a stable and secure platform for enterprise applications, with a 10-year life cycle and regular security updates from Red Hat, the company behind RHEL2. Fedora Linux, Debian GNU/Linux Unstable, and Ubuntu Linux non-LTS are not suitable for the requirements, because they have shorter support cycles and are more focused on providing the latest features and software versions, rather than stability and security. Fedora Linux releases a new version every six months and each version is supported for 13 months3. Debian GNU/Linux Unstable is the development branch of Debian, which is constantly updated with new packages and changes, but is not intended for production use4. Ubuntu Linux non-LTS releases a new version every six months and each version is supported for nine months1. References:
* Ubuntu release cycle | Ubuntu
* Red Hat Enterprise Linux Life Cycle - Red Hat Customer Portal
* Fedora Release Life Cycle - Fedora Project Wiki
* Debian Unstable - Debian Wiki
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which of the following commands can be used to resolve a DNS name to an IP address?
- A. host
- B. query
- C. iplookup
- D. dnsname
- E. dns
Answer: A
Explanation:
The host command is used to resolve a DNS name to an IP address or vice versa. It can also perform other DNS queries, such as finding the mail servers for a domain. The host command has the following syntax: host [options] [name] [server]. The name argument can be a hostname, such as www.lpi.org, or an IP address, such as 192.168.0.1. The server argument is optional and specifies the name or IP address of the DNS server to query. If no server is given, the default system resolver is used. Reference:
Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives: 1.4.1. Demonstrate an understanding of the purpose and types of DNS records1 Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual - Chapter 10. Network Fundamentals - 10.3. DNS and Hostname Resolution - 10.3.1. The host Command2 Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual - Appendix A. Answers to the Exercises - Chapter 10. Network Fundamentals - 10.3. DNS and Hostname Resolution - Exercise 10.3.12
NEW QUESTION # 47
When typing a long command line at the shell, what single character can be used to split a command across multiple lines?
Answer:
Explanation:
\
NEW QUESTION # 48
What is the UID of the user root?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 49
Which of the following commands sorts the output of the commandexport-logs?
- A. export-logs | sort
- B. export-logs <> sort
- C. export-logs & sort
- D. export-logs > sort
- E. export-logs < sort
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 50
Which permissions are set on a regular file once thepermissions have been modified with the command chmod 654 file.txt?
- A. -wxr-x--x
- B. -rw-r-xr--
- C. drw-r-xr--
- D. d-wxr-x--
- E. -rwxrw---x
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 51
Which of the following examples shows the general structure of a forloop in a shell script?
for *.txt as file => echo $file
- A. for file in *.txt
- B. echo $i
} - C. foreach @{file} {
- D. do
echo $i
done
for ls *.txt exec {} \; - E. for *.txt ( echo $i )
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 52
Which of the following devices represents a hard disk partition?
- A. /dev/ttyS0
- B. /dev/sata0
- C. /dev/sda/p2
- D. /dev/sda2
- E. /dev/part0
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct device name that represents a hard disk partition is /dev/sda2. This device name follows the Linux convention for naming hard disk devices and partitions. According to this convention123:
* The first part of the device name indicates the type of the device. For example, /dev/hd* for IDE drives,
/dev/sd* for SCSI, SATA, USB, or eSATA drives, /dev/nvme* for NVMe drives, etc.
* The second part of the device name indicates the order of the device as detected by the system. For example, /dev/sda is the first serial drive, /dev/sdb is the second serial drive, and so on.
* The third part of the device name indicates the number of the partition on the device. For example,
/dev/sda1 is the first partition on the first serial drive, /dev/sda2 is the second partition on the first serial drive, and so on.
Therefore, /dev/sda2 means the second partition on the first serial drive, which is a valid hard disk partition.
The other options are not valid hard disk partitions, because they do not follow the Linux convention. For example:
* /dev/ttyS0 is a serial port device, not a hard disk device4.
* /dev/sata0 is not a valid device name, because it does not specify the partition number. It should be something like /dev/sata0p1 or /dev/sata0p2, etc.
* /dev/part0 is not a valid device name, because it does not specify the device type or the partition number. It should be something like /dev/sdXp0 or /dev/hdXp0, etc.
* /dev/sda/p2 is not a valid device name, because it uses a slash (/) instead of a number to indicate the partition. It should be something like /dev/sda2 or /dev/sda3, etc.
References: 1: Hard drive/device partition naming convention in Linux - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange 2:
Hard drive partition naming convention in Linux - Ask Ubuntu 3: C.4. Device Names in Linux - Debian 4:
What is /dev/ttyS0? - Quora
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which of the following commands are used to get information on the proper use of ls? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. usage ls
- B. info ls
- C. manual ls
- D. man ls
- E. option ls
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Explanation
The commands man ls and info ls are used to get information on the proper use of ls. The man command displays the manual page for a given command, which contains a description, synopsis, options, examples, and other details. The info command displays the info page for a given command, which is similar to the manual page but may have more information and hyperlinks. The option ls, usage ls, and manual ls commands are not valid commands in Linux and will result in an error message. References:
* Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 103.1, Weight 2
* Linux Essentials Certification Guide, Chapter 3, Page 51-52
* Ls Command in Linux (List Files and Directories) | Linuxize
NEW QUESTION # 54
Which of the following statements regarding Linux hardware drivers is correct?
- A. Drivers are stored on their devices and are copied by the Linux kernel when a new device is attached
- B. Drivers are either compiled into the Linux kernel or are loaded as kernel modules.
- C. Drivers are not used by Linux because the BIOS handles all access to hardware on behalf of Linux.
- D. Drivers are downloaded from the vendor's driver repository when a new device is attached.
- E. Drivers are regular Linux programs which have to be run by the user who wants to use a device.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Linux hardware drivers are software components that enable the Linux kernel to communicate with various devices, such as keyboards, mice, printers, scanners, network cards, etc. Drivers are either compiled into the Linux kernel or are loaded as kernel modules. Kernel modules are pieces of code that can be loaded and unloaded into the kernel on demand. They extend the functionality of the kernel without requiring to rebuild or reboot the system. Drivers that are compiled into the kernel are always available, but they increase the size and complexity of the kernel. Drivers that are loaded as kernel modules are only available when needed, but they require a matching version of the kernel and the module. Linux supports a large number of hardware devices, thanks to the efforts of the open source community and some vendors who provide drivers for their products. However, some devices may not have a driver available for Linux, or may require a proprietary driver that is not included in the Linux distribution. In such cases, the user may need to install the driver manually from the vendor's website or from a third-party repository. Reference:
Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 2.2.1
LPI Linux Essentials Study Guide: Exam 010 v1.6, 3rd Edition, chapter 3, page 67.
NEW QUESTION # 55
When typing a long command line at the shell, what single character can be used to split a command across multiple lines?
Answer:
Explanation:
\
Explanation:
The backslash character () is used to escape the meaning of the next character in a command line. This means that the next character is treated as a literal character, not as a special character. For example, if you want to use a space in a file name, you can use a backslash before the space to prevent the shell from interpreting it as a separator. Similarly, if you want to split a long command line across multiple lines, you can use a backslash at the end of each line to tell the shell that the command is not finished yet. The shell will ignore the newline character and continue reading the next line as part of the same command. For example, you can write:
ls -l
/home/user/Documents
instead of:
ls -l /home/user/Documents
Both commands will produce the same output, but the first one is easier to read and type. Reference:
Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 2.1.2
2.1 Command Line Basics - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs, slide 7.
NEW QUESTION # 56
Which files are the source of the information in the following output? (Choose two.) uid=1000 (bob) gid=1000 (bob) groups=1000 (bob), 10 (wheel), 150 (docker), 1001 (libvirt) (wireshark), 989
- A. /etc/passwd
- B. /var/db/users
- C. /etc/id
- D. /etc/group
- E. /home/index
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
The files /etc/passwd and /etc/group are the source of the information in the following output:
uid=1000 (bob) gid=1000 (bob) groups=1000 (bob), 10 (wheel), 150 (docker), 1001 (libvirt) (wireshark), 989 The /etc/passwd file contains information about user accounts, such as the username, password, user ID (UID), group ID (GID), full name, home directory, and login shell1. The /etc/group file contains information about groups, such as the group name, password, group ID (GID), and members2.
The output shows the UID, GID, and group membership of the user bob. The UID and GID of bob are 1000, which can be found in the /etc/passwd file. The groups that bob belongs to are bob, wheel, docker, libvirt, wireshark, and 989, which can be found in the /etc/group file. The group names are shown in parentheses after the GID, except for the last group, which has no name.
The other options are not files that store user and group information in Linux. The /etc/id file does not exist by default. The /home/index file is not a standard file and has no relation to user and group information. The /var/db/users file is not a standard file and has no relation to user and group information. Reference:
Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 103.1, Weight 2
Linux Essentials Certification Guide, Chapter 3, Page 51-52
Linux Filesystem Hierarchy, Chapter 3, Page 17-18
Linux Users and Groups, Chapter 2, Page 9-10
NEW QUESTION # 57
Where is the operating system of a Raspberry Pi stored?
- A. On a removable SD card which is put into the Raspberry Pi.
- B. On a Linux extension module connected to the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins.
- C. On a read only partition on the Raspberry Pi's firmware, next to the BIOS.
- D. On rewritable flash storage which is built into the Raspberry Pi.
- E. On the master device attached to the Raspberry Pi's IDE bus.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The Raspberry Pi uses an SD card (or microSD card for newer models) as its main storage device. This means that the operating system and any other files are stored on the SD card, which can be easily inserted or removed from the Raspberry Pi. The SD card also allows the user to switch between different operating systems by using different cards or partitions. The Raspberry Pi does not have any internal storage, such as a hard disk drive or a solid state drive, nor does it use any external devices, such as an IDE bus, a firmware partition, or a GPIO module, to store the operating system. References:
* Raspberry Pi OS - Raspberry Pi
* Choosing Storage for Raspberry Pi - Kingston Technology
* Beginner's Guide: How To Install a New OS on Raspberry Pi
NEW QUESTION # 58
A new server needs to be installed to host services for a period of several years. Throughout this time, the server should receive important security updates from its Linux distribution.
Which of the following Linux distributions meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
- A. Ubuntu Linux LTS
- B. Ubuntu Linux non-LTS
- C. Red Hat Enterprise Linux
- D. Fedora Linux
- E. Debian GNU/Linux Unstable
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Ubuntu Linux LTS and Red Hat Enterprise Linux are two Linux distributions that meet the requirements of hosting services for a period of several years and receiving important security updates from their Linux distribution. LTS stands for Long Term Support, which means that these versions of Ubuntu Linux are supported by Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, for five years with security patches, bug fixes, and software updates1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a commercial Linux distribution that offers a stable and secure platform for enterprise applications, with a 10-year life cycle and regular security updates from Red Hat, the company behind RHEL2. Fedora Linux, Debian GNU/Linux Unstable, and Ubuntu Linux non-LTS are not suitable for the requirements, because they have shorter support cycles and are more focused on providing the latest features and software versions, rather than stability and security. Fedora Linux releases a new version every six months and each version is supported for 13 months3. Debian GNU/Linux Unstable is the development branch of Debian, which is constantly updated with new packages and changes, but is not intended for production use4. Ubuntu Linux non-LTS releases a new version every six months and each version is supported for nine months1. Reference:
Ubuntu release cycle | Ubuntu
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Life Cycle - Red Hat Customer Portal
Fedora Release Life Cycle - Fedora Project Wiki
Debian Unstable - Debian Wiki
NEW QUESTION # 59
Which of the following are typical services offered by public cloud providers? (Choose three correct answers.)
- A. Platform as a Service(PaaS)
- B. Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
- C. Internet as a Service(IaaS)
- D. Software as a Service (SaaS)
- E. Graphics as a Service (GaaS)
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
These are the three most common service models offered by public cloud providers12. They differ in the level of abstraction and control they provide to the customers.
Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a service model where the public cloud provider offers a ready-to-use platform for developing, testing, and deploying applications. The provider manages the underlying infrastructure, such as servers, storage, network, and operating system, while the customer only needs to focus on the application code and configuration. Examples of PaaS include Google App Engine, IBM Cloud Foundry, and Microsoft Azure App Service12.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a service model where the public cloud provider offers access to fundamental compute, network, and storage resources on demand over the public Internet or through dedicated connections. The provider manages the physical hardware and virtualization layer, while the customer has full control over the configuration and management of the virtual machines, operating system, and applications. Examples of IaaS include Google Compute Engine, IBM Cloud Virtual Servers, and Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines12.
Software as a Service (SaaS) is a service model where the public cloud provider offers ready-to-use software applications that run on the provider's infrastructure and are accessible through a web browser or a mobile app. The provider manages the entire software stack, including the infrastructure, platform, and application, while the customer only needs to pay for the usage or subscription of the service. Examples of SaaS include Google Workspace, IBM Watson, and Microsoft Office 36512.
Reference:
What is Public Cloud | IBM
What Is a Public Cloud? | Google Cloud
NEW QUESTION # 60
Which of the following commands creates the ZIP archive poems.zip containing all files in the current directory whose names end in .txt?
- A. zip poems.zip *.txt
- B. cat *.txt | zip poems.zip
- C. zip *.txt > poems.zip
- D. zip cfz poems.zip *.txt
- E. zcat *.txt poems.zip
Answer: A
Explanation:
The zip command is used to create compressed archive files that can contain one or more files or directories. The zip command takes the name of the archive file as the first argument, followed by the names of the files or directories to be included in the archive. You can also use wildcards to match multiple files or directories with a common pattern. For example, the command zip poems.zip *.txt will create the ZIP archive poems.zip containing all files in the current directory whose names end in .txt. The other commands are either invalid or do not perform the desired operation. The command zip *.txt > poems.zip will try to create an archive for each file ending in .txt and redirect the output to poems.zip, which is not a valid archive file. The command zcat *.txt poems.zip will try to decompress and concatenate the contents of the files ending in .txt and poems.zip, which is not a valid ZIP file. The command zip cfz poems.zip *.txt will fail because the options c, f, and z are not valid for the zip command. The command cat *.txt | zip poems.zip will try to read the contents of the files ending in .txt from the standard input and create an archive named poems.zip, but this will not preserve the file names or attributes of the original files. Reference:
Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 3.1.1
3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs, slide
NEW QUESTION # 61
Which permissions are set on a regular file once the permissions have been modified with the command chmod 654 file.txt?
- A. -wxr-x--x
- B. -rw-r-xr--
- C. drw-r-xr--
- D. d-wxr-x--
- E. -rwxrw---x
Answer: B
Explanation:
The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories. The permissions are represented by three sets of three characters, indicating the permissions for the owner, the group, and the others. Each character can be either r (read), w (write), x (execute), or - (no permission). The chmod command can use either symbolic or numeric mode to specify the permissions. In this question, the numeric mode is used, which consists of three digits from 0 to 7. Each digit is the sum of the permissions for each set, where r is 4, w is 2, and x is 1. For example, 7 means rwx, 6 means rw-, and 4 means r-. Therefore, the command chmod 654 file.txt sets the permissions as follows:
The first digit 6 means rw- for the owner, which means the owner can read and write the file, but not execute it.
The second digit 5 means r-x for the group, which means the group can read and execute the file, but not write it.
The third digit 4 means r-- for the others, which means the others can only read the file, but not write or execute it.
The resulting permissions are -rw-r-xr-, which is the correct answer. The other options are incorrect because they either have the wrong permissions or the wrong file type. A regular file does not have the d (directory) prefix, and a directory cannot have the - (no file type) prefix. Reference:
Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives: 4.1. Ownership and Permissions1 Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual - Chapter 8. Security and File Permissions - 8.1. Ownership and Permissions - 8.1.1. The chmod Command2 Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual - Appendix A. Answers to the Exercises - Chapter 8. Security and File Permissions - 8.1. Ownership and Permissions - Exercise 8.1.12
NEW QUESTION # 62
Which of the following types of bus can connect hard disk drives with the motherboard?
- A. The RAM bus
- B. The Auto bus
- C. The CPU bus
- D. The NUMA bus
- E. The SATA bus
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 63
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