L4M3 Free Update With 100% Exam Passing Guarantee [2023]
[Mar-2023] Verified CIPS Exam Dumps with L4M3 Exam Study Guide
NEW QUESTION 30
Michelle contacts Hannah and asks her if she would be interested in purchasing her car for £2000. Hannah immediately takes £2000 to Michelle and says she wants to buy the car. Michelle subsequently refuses to proceed. Has the contract between Michelle and Hannah been made?
- A. No, because Michelle has rejected Hannah's offer on buying the car
- B. No, because by refusing to proceed, Michelle rejects Hannah's counter-offer
- C. Yes, because both parties have full legal capability to enter into a contract
- D. Yes, by her performance Hannah has accepted Michelle's offer on selling the car
Answer: A
Explanation:
To solve the question, you must distinguish the following notion:
- Offer: The case of Storer v Manchester City Council [1974] 1 WLR 1403 outlines that an offer is: An expression of willingness to contract on specified terms, with the intention that it is to be binding once accepted
- Acceptance: in order for a contract to be formed, the offer must be accepted. Acceptance represents the meeting of the minds of the parties to the contract - both agree to exchange something for the other (payment, services, goods, etc.).
- Counter offer: is an offer made in response to a prior offer.
- Invitation to treat: An important distinction to make in contract law is that between an offer and an invitation to treat. An invitation to treat is usually an invitation for another party to make an offer. It may also be defined as an indication that a party is open to negotiation.
Here are some key distinctions of offers and invitation to treats.
Offer:
* Certain promise to be bound
* Clear and specified terms
* The conduct or words of the party show certainty
* There is no room for negotiation
Invitation to treat:
* There is room for negotiation
* There is an invitation for offers
* There is a request for information
* Lack of certainty
In the scenario above, initially Michelle just gives an invitation to treat because she is asking whether Hannah is interested to buy her car (request for information from Hannah). Hannah may reject or go into a negotiation with Michelle. Then, Hannah makes an offer by taking the money and shows her intention to be legally bound. At this point, when Hannah's offer is present, Michelle can accept or reject. When she rejects, the contract is not formed. The answer must be "No, because Michelle has rejected Hannah's offer on buying the car".
Reference:
- Definition of Counter Offer
- Formation of the contract
- CIPS study guide page 28-35
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 31
What is the purpose of using key performance indicators in procurement and supply?
- A. To monitor supplier's performance
- B. To ease the termination process
- C. To qualify which supplier is suitable
- D. To validate the supplier's bid or tender
Answer: A
Explanation:
Procurement teams use key performance indicators (KPIs) to ensure vendors comply with (and hopefully exceed) the obligations outlined in a contract. They help us better understand suppliers' performance, measure their output over a long period of time, and identify areas where improvement is needed.
Put simply, it's good business sense to make sure you're actually getting what you've paid for. This might be as straightforward as confirming a product or service is delivered on time, which means the KPIs you need to use will be minimal and basic.
Reference:
- Supplier KPIs | 7 Performance Indicators You Should Be Measuring - Una
- CIPS study guide page 101-102
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION 32
Which of the following is the procedure that makes no further competition under a framework agreement?
- A. Closed system
- B. Direct call-off
- C. Standing offer
- D. Blanket order
Answer: B
Explanation:
Direct call off is the act of placing an order under a framework agreement without having further competition.
Standing offer is an available offer.
Blanket order is another name of framework agreement
Closed system is a requirement of framework agreement. It is a system or process that, once started, does not allow new entrants.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.3
NEW QUESTION 33
A service contract is going to be expired, which data source is good to create specifications for ITT?
1. Incumbent supplier
2. Maintenance services
3. Alternative supplier
4. User's knowledge
- A. 1, 2 and 4
- B. 1, 2 and 3
- C. 2, 3 and 4
- D. 1, 3 and 4
Answer: D
Explanation:
There are a number of shortcuts that can be taken when drafting the specification. These include the following:
- The use of brand names
- The use of recognised standards
- The use of samples
- Information and knowledge from users/other buyers: Drafting a specification should naturally include those already used within the organisation itself, but also variants used by other companies in the same sector and other companies in different sectors
- Information from suppliers: suppliers will always be willing to assist in specification development, as this this one way in which they can seek to influence the design to favour their own products.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION 34
Which of the following is used to detail the complex matter that may be verbiage to the main document?
- A. Subcontracting
- B. Standard terms and conditions
- C. Schedule
- D. Contract variation
Answer: C
Explanation:
Without further explanation, a schedule may be deemed to form an integral part of the obligations of either or both parties. Obviously, the scope or binding nature of such schedule depends on the way it is referred to in the obligatory language of the main agreement. Accordingly, merely attaching the general terms and conditions of sale without explaining to which part of the sale they apply or which provisions apply does not subject a sale pursuant to the body text of the agreement to those general terms and conditions.
Subcontracting is the practice of assigning, or outsourcing, part of the obligations and tasks under a contract to another party known as a subcontractor.
Reference:
- Schedules, annexes and exhibits
- CIPS study guide page 22-26
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION 35
A supermarket purchases a new batch of house cleaner from new supplier. The supermarket is concerned about possible damage that the house cleaner may cause to consumers' floor. What type of insurance must they cover?
- A. Fire and explosion insurance
- B. Professional indemnity insurance
- C. Public liability insurance
- D. Product liability insurance
Answer: D
Explanation:
Product Liability Insurance is a form of general liability insurance meant to protect a business from financial and legal consequences as a result of bodily injury or property damage due to the use of the business's sold goods or products. Situations that are typically covered by Product Liability Insurance may include:
- A customer harms herself because of the faulty packaging on one of your products
- A drapery set that a customer purchased from your business was highly flammable and caught on fire, eventually damaging her entire kitchen
- A customer with a severe allergy finds trace amounts of tree nuts in your homemade gourmet muffins
- A homemade house cleaner that you sell damaged one of your customer's entire hardwood floor
- A customer becomes sick with food poisoning after eating old shellfish at your restaurant, goes to the hospital, and incurs medical costs caused by your contaminated food products
- A customer's pet becomes ill from ingesting some lining in a pet toy product that you sell In the scenario above, the supermarket is purchasing and reselling house cleaner, which can be covered by product liability insurance.
Public liability insurance is a type of business insurance that covers the cost of claims made by the public that happen in connection with the business activities.
Professional indemnity (PI) insurance is a commercial policy designed to protect business owners, freelancers and the self-employed if clients claim a service is inadequate.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.2
NEW QUESTION 36
Infra Constructions receive a contract for construction of a building, and following terms were agreed upon. "The entire cost of the project will be reimbursed to Infra Constructions (estimated cost of the project being $ 25 million). The profits will be 20% of the entire cost of a project subject to a max of $ 5 million." This arrangement is an example of...?
- A. Cost-plus pricing arrangement
- B. Incentive pricing arrangement
- C. Gain-share/pain-share arrangment
- D. Fixed-pricing arrangement
Answer: A
Explanation:
In the contract term, the buyer agrees to pay the contractor the cost of doing project plus a profit. This is an example of cost-plus pricing arrangement.
On the other hand, "Fixed-pricing arrangement" often refers to lump-sum contract or supply/service contract with fixed price. "Incentive pricing arrangement" and "Gain-share/pain-share arrangement" have the same meaning. In this type of arrangement, both supplier and buyer agree on a target (it can be cost, or lead time, or quality, etc). Once the supplier reaches that target, it will be rewarded with a portion of the gain that the buyer gets, and will pay the price if it fails.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION 37
A retailer prefers to display its best selling products and promotion programme on the building windows. According to rule of contract formation, this act will generally constitute...?
- A. An invitation to treat
- B. An offer
- C. A legal capacity
- D. A mailbox rule
Answer: A
Explanation:
Fisher v Bell [1960] and Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists [1953] identified that the courts will generally consider goods advertised in shop windows or those with a price tag attached to constitute an invitation to treat. An invitation to treat is a concept in contract law. It refers to an invitation for a party to make an offer enter into contractual negotiations.
Invitations to treat can be anything displayed to a large number of people, as long as there is no defined way to choose who can accept. Items on display in a shop, advertisements, and catalogues are all common examples of invitations to treat.
However, there are cases in the US shows that under some circumstances an advertisement can become an offer (see Leftkowitz v Great Minneapolis Surplus Stores [1957]).
Reference:
- What is an Invitation to Treat in Contract Law?
- CIPS study guide page 29
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 38
Which of the following is the best definition of "ultra vires"?
- A. In good faith
- B. From one party
- C. Let the buyer beware
- D. Beyond powers
Answer: D
Explanation:
Ultra vires is a Latin phrase, meaning "beyond the powers." Describes actions taken by government bodies or corporations that exceed the scope of power given to them by laws or corporate charters. When referring to the acts of government bodies (e.g., legislatures), a constitution is most often the measuring stick of the proper scope of power.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 39
What does quantum meruit mean?
- A. A non-graduations promise
- B. As much as is earned
- C. As much as is paid
- D. An implied promise
Answer: B
Explanation:
Quantum meruit means "the amount he deserves" or "as much as he has earned". In most cases it denotes a claim for a reasonable sum in respect of services or goods supplied to the defendant.
An action in quantum meruit is available to recover money for services or goods supplied to a defendant in circumstances where the claimant is not recompensed by performing his obligations or supplying the goods. The claimant must usually show that the defendant expressly or impliedly requested or freely accepted the services or goods in question. Depending on the facts, the claimant might find it difficult to prove how much the claimant is entitled to receive under the principle of quantum meruit.
A claim for quantum meruit cannot arise if the parties have a contract to pay an agreed sum. In such circumstances, the parties' relationship is governed by the law of contract. However, a claim for quantum meruit may arise where the parties:
- Have not agreed a contract, or there is a so-called quasi-contract. For example, the parties may have agreed some of the contractual terms, but may have failed to reach an agreement on an essential term, such as price.
- Have not fixed a price for the services or goods supplied.
- Have an agreement to pay a reasonable sum for the services or goods supplied.
- Have agreed a scope of work under the original contract and the work carried out falls outside that scope.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.1
NEW QUESTION 40
An organization has a normal tender process that often last 1 month from defining the needs to contract award. Manufacturing department suddenly required a new special part that they could not foresee within a month. Which of the following should be the priority actions of procurement manager in this urgent situation? Select TWO that apply:
- A. Review contract performance
- B. Submit full business justification
- C. Get high-level authority approval
- D. Develop relationships with potential suppliers
- E. Design new specification
Answer: B
Explanation:
This urgent needs occasionally occur due to a sudden change in circumstances. The process for selecting a replacement supplier must still be controlled. If there is a reason for normal processes to be waived, this must be fully documented and approved at a high level.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION 41
Royal Naval Hospital at Rockstown, Anyport manages a fleet of nine ambulance vehicles. During busy periods, it becomes very difficult to keep track of the location of each ambulance (and the nature of their journey). Continual problems lead to the proposal for a new control system (ERNS).
For this ERNS project, the procurement department has drafted a specification in which only a bullet point list of basic requirements was written down. The procurement manager understands that the specification should be developed more specifically but a cross functional team from the Hospital could not do that. A senior buyer suggests that some of Hospital's pre-qualified suppliers could support them in developing the specification.
Which of the following should be a priority approach of procurement department in developing dialogue with those suppliers about specification development?
- A. One-to-one meeting with the suppliers
- B. General networking
- C. Internal discussion
- D. Request for quotation from the suppliers
Answer: A
Explanation:
The procurement team has drafted basic requirements in the specification. They will need to develop it further and more specific. Developing market dialogue with supplier is a good solution. There are number of approaches which can be taken to engage with suppliers:
- General meetings: buyer meets supplier at a networking event (such as trade show) or social media. These discussions are unlikely to deliver very specific information.
- One-to-one meetings: This will be most likely to deliver direct input into specification development and supplier-specific product development information.
- Group visits
- Meet-the-buyer events
- Formal negotiations or competitive
The answer for this QUESTION should be One-to-one meeting.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION 42
A senior procurement specialist in UK is preparing a specification in which ISO standards are used to send to global suppliers. Is this action appropriate?
- A. No, the procurement specialist must use BSI standards instead
- B. Yes, ISO standards are globally recognisable
- C. Yes, evert specification must have ISO standards
- D. No, ISO standards are unfamiliar to global suppliers
Answer: B
Explanation:
ISO standards are internationally agreed by worldwide experts. They overcome countries' differences and facilitate global trade. If a buying organisation is sourcing globally, they should use ISO standards within the specification.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION 43
SFO procurement manager sent a request for quotation to Vogon International in which he determined the contract terms and specification. In SFO's standard terms and conditions, it is stated that 'Goods shall be delivered and Services performed by the applicable Delivery Date. Supplier must notify Buyer 3 days prior to the Delivery Date if Supplier is likely to be unable to meet a Delivery Date.' Vogon replied with a quotation without any amendment to SFO's terms & conditions. The SFO procurement manager found the prices were reasonable and submitted to senior management. Senior management team accepted that quotation and sent a notification to Vogon. On the Delivery Date, Vogon said they had no capacity to supply the product as the quotation due to a workers' strike. Did Vogon breach any agreement with SFO?
- A. Yes, because the contract had been formed between SFO and Vogon with the quotation as an offer and the notification as an acceptance
- B. Yes, because the contract was formed since Vogon had sent the quotation as an acceptance to SFO's offer
- C. No, because the strike is a force majeur event, so Vogon did not breach any contract with SFO
- D. No, because Vogon had no intention to be bound by the quotation, therefore, it didn't constitute a contract
Answer: A
Explanation:
SFO issued an RFQ with defined terms and condition and detailed specification. This RFQ can be considered as an invitation to treat. Vogon's quotation is an answer to the purchaser's RFQ and is an offer to SFO. The contract come to life at the time Vogon received the notification from SFO senior management.
The strike may be a force majeur event, depending on the contract particular clauses and jurisdiction. In common law countries, force majeur is applicable as an exclusion of liability only if the contract allows it. In many civil law countries, force majeur is an implied term. But in every jurisdiction, force majeur is only a reason for excluding liability for non-performance of a contract. In other words, the non-performance party is not liable for any breach if force majeur event occurs but the event does not exclude the breach.
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 44
Under general legal principles of contract formation, which of the following will always automatically result in the termination of an offer?
1. Negotiation
2. Rejection
3. Failure conditionality
4. Non-disclosure
- A. 3 and 4 only
- B. 1 and 4 only
- C. 1 and 2 only
- D. 2 and 3 only
Answer: D
Explanation:
There are a number of ways for an offer to be terminated. They are events that may occur after an offer has been made which bring it to an end so that it can no longer be accepted. An offer is terminated in the following circumstances:
1. Revocation
2. Rejection
3. Lapse of time
4. Conditional Offer (or Failure of Conditionality)
5. Operation of law
6. Death
7. Acceptance
8. Illegality
Reference:
- How Is an Offer Terminated?
- CIPS study guide page 31-32
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 45
Which of the following is always automatically considered as a contract?
- A. Framework arrangement
- B. Framework agreement
- C. Call-off
- D. Performance management framework
Answer: C
Explanation:
- A call off or a term contract is one which exists for a fixed period of time, rather than for a specific purpose
- A formal framework agreement does have some legal standing but it is not a contract, primarily because there is no consideration involved, but it is an overarching (or umbrella) agreement under which contracts can be created (this holds true in English law but may not be right in other jurisdiction)
- A framework arrangement is a rather loose set-up, without any legal standing. It usually occurs when an organisation has decided for itself to limit the number of suppliers it is willing to work with and, through a purely internal process, sets up an approved list of such suppliers.
- A performance management framework including KPIs and targets, the assessment scheme and incentives, disincentives, bonuses and penalties. It is a schedule to a contract and only legally binding if it is referred from contract clauses.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.3
NEW QUESTION 46
Which of the following are likely to be advantages of using invitation to tender? Select TWO that apply:
Short turnaround times
- A. Lower administration costs
- B. Quick implementation
- C. Driving forward planning culture
- D. Reducing risks of bribery and corruption
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Advantages of using invitation to tender may be as below:
No Nepotism: Tenders or bids are evaluated on the basis of certain predetermined criteria, such as price, quality and value for money. In other words, the firm offering the highest quality product or service at the lowest price point would win the contract. As most tender documents are opened and evaluated in a public process, I think that there remains little room for nepotism or favoritism of any kind.
Value for Money: From the perspective of the client, tenders offer the greatest value for the amount of money spent. This is due to the fact that the client can choose from a wide pool of potential suppliers to select the ones that can produce the highest quality product or service at the lowest price point. This allows the company, establishment or organization to save money without having to compromise on quality. Therefore, despite being quite time consuming, tendering is, in my opinion, a profitable long-term process from an organization's point of view.
Encourages Competition: The process of tendering helps promote a competitive market. This is because a number of potential contractors, firms or suppliers get a chance to bid for every project. And because selection depends on quality and price, every bidder tries to reduce operational inefficiencies and redundancies as much as possible in order to lower expenses and improve quality. This entire process encourages healthy competition in the market and prevents complacency and laziness, which in turn provides a boost to innovation and new ideas.
Easier Entry: The system of tendering makes it easier and simpler for new firms to enter the market or even a particular industry. This is due to the fact that contracts under this system are awarded on the basis of predetermined, objective criteria. As a result, even a firm that is a new entrant to the market, having no connections or contacts in the industry, can win a prestigious and lucrative contract by providing the highest value for the client's money. This process therefore helps new firms to quickly get a foothold in the market or industry, thus significantly lowering the traditional barriers to entry.
Reference:
- Characteristics and Benefits of the Tendering Process
- CIPS study guide page 6-8
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION 47
A buyer and a supplier plan to sign a contract with cost-plus arrangement. If the cost base is $350 and the markup component is 11% then the invoice price will be...
- A. 393.26
- B. 388.5
- C. 0
- D. 368.5
Answer: B
Explanation:
Markup is the percentage between the profit and costs. The cost is $350, markup is 11%. So final price is: 350 + 350x0.11 = 388.5 Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION 48
XYZ Ltd and Engineer Corp signed a long-term supply contract in which both parties had agreed on performance targets. Recently, due to increased customer demands, XYZ Ltd realises that they should make changes to the contract with Engineer Corp with regards to performance management. These changes are approved and signed by both the buyer and seller. The changes to the contract are known as...?
- A. A stand-alone subcontract to the prime contract
- B. A separate counter-offer to the supplier
- C. An appendix to the prime contract
- D. An amendment to the prime contract
Answer: D
Explanation:
The changes are made to the prime contract. They are also signed and approved by both parties. These changes are known as amendment (variation) to the contract. A contract amendment allows the parties to make a mutually agreed-upon change to an existing contract. An amendment can add to an existing contract, delete from it, or change parts of it. The original contract remains in place, only with some terms altered by way of the amendment.
Reference:
- Modify an Existing Contract with a Contract Amendment
- CIPS study guide page 26-28
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION 49
The cost in cost reimbursable contract is...?
- A. Profit
- B. Actual cost
- C. Fixed cost
- D. Variable cost
Answer: B
Explanation:
A cost reimbursable contract (sometimes called a cost plus contract) is one in which the contractor is reimbursed the actual costs they incur in carrying out the works, plus an additional fee. Option E of the NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) is an example of a cost reimbursable contract.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 176-179
- Cost reimbursable contract
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION 50
To check whether supplier actually complies with the labour standards set out in the contract, the purchaser should have...?
- A. Right to rescind the contract
- B. Right to penalise the supplier
- C. Right to terminate the contract
- D. Right of audit
Answer: D
Explanation:
Many firms have compliance policies for suppliers in place. To ensure that the supplier actually comply with the standards set out, the purchaser can employ the right to audit. The buyer usually obtains the right to examine records of a vendor to determine if a fraud or a violation of company policy has occurred through the following methods:
- Right-to-audit agreement The agreement can be printed on the back of a purchase order, contract, or other procurement form.
- A simple request If the right-to-audit agreement wasn't included on the procurement form, and the buyer suspects irregularities, he may have to beg the vendor to allow an audit to be performed. If the buyer is a major customer of the vendor, the buyer may be able to wield a big enough stick to obtain permission to look at the records.
- Right-to-audit Pitfalls
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 160
- Reserving the Right to Audit the Suspicious Vendor: Right-to-audit clauses in vendor contracts help control fraud and abuse by affording discovery devices in examinations.
LO 3, AC 3.2
NEW QUESTION 51
A large company supplies a lot of products. Their shipments are often delayed and customers are not satisfied. Which of the following KPIs is most likely to be applied to this situation?
- A. Delay damages
- B. OTIF delivery
- C. Consignment stock availability
- D. Technical support
Answer: B
Explanation:
If the deliveries often delay, buyer should use KPI to measure how many missed deliveries there are and the percentage of total missed deliveries on total number of deliveries for period. OTIF (one-time in-full) delivery might help.
Consignment stock availability means that the supplier holds adequate range/number of units of stock to offer a reliable service Delay damages are the consequences caused by delay of deliveries Technical support is the acceptable quality of technical information/support provided by supplier for goods supplied.
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION 52
......
CIPS L4M3 Exam Syllabus Topics:
| Topic | Details |
|---|---|
| Topic 1 |
|
| Topic 2 |
|
| Topic 3 |
|
| Topic 4 |
|
| Topic 5 |
|
| Topic 6 |
|
| Topic 7 |
|
Authentic Best resources for L4M3 Online Practice Exam: https://freetorrent.itpass4sure.com/L4M3-practice-exam.html
